"2024 Approved How to Seamlessly Integrate Captions Into YouTube Videos"
How to Seamlessly Integrate Captions Into YouTube Videos
How To Add Captions to YouTube Videos
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
By captioning your YouTube videos you help to make them accessible to more potential viewers. Subtitles are useful to viewers who have hearing impairments, whose first language is different from yours, or who are unable to watch your video with sound. Closed captioning can also be useful for you as a YouTuber because it helps with your SEO, or search engine optimization. Practicing better SEO can get your videos ranked higher in search results. Google and YouTube both index subtitles and transcripts much like they do your video’s description, unless you use automated captions.
This article will first explain how you can turn on subtitles for the videos you watch and then walk you through adding captions to your own videos.
How To Turn On Captions on YouTube
In order for you to be able to view subtitles for a YouTube video the uploader of the video will need to have added them, unless you change your account settings to display automatic captions.
To toggle subtitles on and off click on the Closed Captioning icon in the bottom right of your video player.
If the creator of the video has not added captions then you can enable automatic captions by going into your Account Settings and selecting Playback. Check the box next to Always Show Captions, and then check Show Automatic Captions by Speech Recognition. These captions may be flawed, but you will still be able to see the more accurate user submitted captions on videos that have them. The Always Show Captions feature may be useful not only to the hearing impaired, but to users who do not speak the same language as the video producer.
If you want to change the language of the subtitles click on the settings icon (the one that looks like a gear) next to the closed captioning icon and choose your language next to Subtitles/CC . If the language you want is not there select Auto-Translate and then pick a language. Google Translate will be used to generate subtitles in your chosen language.
Adding YouTube Captions in 4 Steps
1. Go to Video Manager in your Creator Studio and then look at your videos. Decide which one you want to add captions to.
2. Click on the drop-down menu next to the video you want to add captions to and choose Subtitles and CC.
3. Select Add New Subtitles or CC.
4. Choose whether to create your captions, upload a file that has them, transcribe your video, use automatic captioning, or use captioning software.
Create Subtitles or Closed Captions will allow you to create your subtitles on YouTube.
Upload A File allows you to upload a pre-made subtitle file from your computer. Supported file types include SubRip (.srt) and SubViewer (.sbv). You cannot use a word or PDF document for your subtitles.
Transcribe and Set Timings is where you can type a transcript of your video and set timings to sync it to your video. This differs from Create Subtitles or Closed Captions in that your transcript is all typed in to one text field.
Use Automatic Captioning will automatically use speech recognition technology to create captions. You can edit these auto-generated captions later if there are mistakes.
Use Captioning Software or Services is what you choose if you want to use a program or service to create the subtitles for your video.
The easiest way to add subtitles to your videos is to use Automatic Captioning. However, Automatic Captioning is imperfect and may result in your viewers getting a sloppy, skewed, interpretation of your video. Automatic captions are also not indexed by YouTube and Google the way subtitles you create or upload are. This means that they will not have any value to your SEO strategy. If you do not input your own captions or transcript you are missing out on an opportunity for better search engine rankings. Automatic Captions are great if you do not have time to input subtitles and need a temporary solution, though.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
By captioning your YouTube videos you help to make them accessible to more potential viewers. Subtitles are useful to viewers who have hearing impairments, whose first language is different from yours, or who are unable to watch your video with sound. Closed captioning can also be useful for you as a YouTuber because it helps with your SEO, or search engine optimization. Practicing better SEO can get your videos ranked higher in search results. Google and YouTube both index subtitles and transcripts much like they do your video’s description, unless you use automated captions.
This article will first explain how you can turn on subtitles for the videos you watch and then walk you through adding captions to your own videos.
How To Turn On Captions on YouTube
In order for you to be able to view subtitles for a YouTube video the uploader of the video will need to have added them, unless you change your account settings to display automatic captions.
To toggle subtitles on and off click on the Closed Captioning icon in the bottom right of your video player.
If the creator of the video has not added captions then you can enable automatic captions by going into your Account Settings and selecting Playback. Check the box next to Always Show Captions, and then check Show Automatic Captions by Speech Recognition. These captions may be flawed, but you will still be able to see the more accurate user submitted captions on videos that have them. The Always Show Captions feature may be useful not only to the hearing impaired, but to users who do not speak the same language as the video producer.
If you want to change the language of the subtitles click on the settings icon (the one that looks like a gear) next to the closed captioning icon and choose your language next to Subtitles/CC . If the language you want is not there select Auto-Translate and then pick a language. Google Translate will be used to generate subtitles in your chosen language.
Adding YouTube Captions in 4 Steps
1. Go to Video Manager in your Creator Studio and then look at your videos. Decide which one you want to add captions to.
2. Click on the drop-down menu next to the video you want to add captions to and choose Subtitles and CC.
3. Select Add New Subtitles or CC.
4. Choose whether to create your captions, upload a file that has them, transcribe your video, use automatic captioning, or use captioning software.
Create Subtitles or Closed Captions will allow you to create your subtitles on YouTube.
Upload A File allows you to upload a pre-made subtitle file from your computer. Supported file types include SubRip (.srt) and SubViewer (.sbv). You cannot use a word or PDF document for your subtitles.
Transcribe and Set Timings is where you can type a transcript of your video and set timings to sync it to your video. This differs from Create Subtitles or Closed Captions in that your transcript is all typed in to one text field.
Use Automatic Captioning will automatically use speech recognition technology to create captions. You can edit these auto-generated captions later if there are mistakes.
Use Captioning Software or Services is what you choose if you want to use a program or service to create the subtitles for your video.
The easiest way to add subtitles to your videos is to use Automatic Captioning. However, Automatic Captioning is imperfect and may result in your viewers getting a sloppy, skewed, interpretation of your video. Automatic captions are also not indexed by YouTube and Google the way subtitles you create or upload are. This means that they will not have any value to your SEO strategy. If you do not input your own captions or transcript you are missing out on an opportunity for better search engine rankings. Automatic Captions are great if you do not have time to input subtitles and need a temporary solution, though.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
By captioning your YouTube videos you help to make them accessible to more potential viewers. Subtitles are useful to viewers who have hearing impairments, whose first language is different from yours, or who are unable to watch your video with sound. Closed captioning can also be useful for you as a YouTuber because it helps with your SEO, or search engine optimization. Practicing better SEO can get your videos ranked higher in search results. Google and YouTube both index subtitles and transcripts much like they do your video’s description, unless you use automated captions.
This article will first explain how you can turn on subtitles for the videos you watch and then walk you through adding captions to your own videos.
How To Turn On Captions on YouTube
In order for you to be able to view subtitles for a YouTube video the uploader of the video will need to have added them, unless you change your account settings to display automatic captions.
To toggle subtitles on and off click on the Closed Captioning icon in the bottom right of your video player.
If the creator of the video has not added captions then you can enable automatic captions by going into your Account Settings and selecting Playback. Check the box next to Always Show Captions, and then check Show Automatic Captions by Speech Recognition. These captions may be flawed, but you will still be able to see the more accurate user submitted captions on videos that have them. The Always Show Captions feature may be useful not only to the hearing impaired, but to users who do not speak the same language as the video producer.
If you want to change the language of the subtitles click on the settings icon (the one that looks like a gear) next to the closed captioning icon and choose your language next to Subtitles/CC . If the language you want is not there select Auto-Translate and then pick a language. Google Translate will be used to generate subtitles in your chosen language.
Adding YouTube Captions in 4 Steps
1. Go to Video Manager in your Creator Studio and then look at your videos. Decide which one you want to add captions to.
2. Click on the drop-down menu next to the video you want to add captions to and choose Subtitles and CC.
3. Select Add New Subtitles or CC.
4. Choose whether to create your captions, upload a file that has them, transcribe your video, use automatic captioning, or use captioning software.
Create Subtitles or Closed Captions will allow you to create your subtitles on YouTube.
Upload A File allows you to upload a pre-made subtitle file from your computer. Supported file types include SubRip (.srt) and SubViewer (.sbv). You cannot use a word or PDF document for your subtitles.
Transcribe and Set Timings is where you can type a transcript of your video and set timings to sync it to your video. This differs from Create Subtitles or Closed Captions in that your transcript is all typed in to one text field.
Use Automatic Captioning will automatically use speech recognition technology to create captions. You can edit these auto-generated captions later if there are mistakes.
Use Captioning Software or Services is what you choose if you want to use a program or service to create the subtitles for your video.
The easiest way to add subtitles to your videos is to use Automatic Captioning. However, Automatic Captioning is imperfect and may result in your viewers getting a sloppy, skewed, interpretation of your video. Automatic captions are also not indexed by YouTube and Google the way subtitles you create or upload are. This means that they will not have any value to your SEO strategy. If you do not input your own captions or transcript you are missing out on an opportunity for better search engine rankings. Automatic Captions are great if you do not have time to input subtitles and need a temporary solution, though.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
By captioning your YouTube videos you help to make them accessible to more potential viewers. Subtitles are useful to viewers who have hearing impairments, whose first language is different from yours, or who are unable to watch your video with sound. Closed captioning can also be useful for you as a YouTuber because it helps with your SEO, or search engine optimization. Practicing better SEO can get your videos ranked higher in search results. Google and YouTube both index subtitles and transcripts much like they do your video’s description, unless you use automated captions.
This article will first explain how you can turn on subtitles for the videos you watch and then walk you through adding captions to your own videos.
How To Turn On Captions on YouTube
In order for you to be able to view subtitles for a YouTube video the uploader of the video will need to have added them, unless you change your account settings to display automatic captions.
To toggle subtitles on and off click on the Closed Captioning icon in the bottom right of your video player.
If the creator of the video has not added captions then you can enable automatic captions by going into your Account Settings and selecting Playback. Check the box next to Always Show Captions, and then check Show Automatic Captions by Speech Recognition. These captions may be flawed, but you will still be able to see the more accurate user submitted captions on videos that have them. The Always Show Captions feature may be useful not only to the hearing impaired, but to users who do not speak the same language as the video producer.
If you want to change the language of the subtitles click on the settings icon (the one that looks like a gear) next to the closed captioning icon and choose your language next to Subtitles/CC . If the language you want is not there select Auto-Translate and then pick a language. Google Translate will be used to generate subtitles in your chosen language.
Adding YouTube Captions in 4 Steps
1. Go to Video Manager in your Creator Studio and then look at your videos. Decide which one you want to add captions to.
2. Click on the drop-down menu next to the video you want to add captions to and choose Subtitles and CC.
3. Select Add New Subtitles or CC.
4. Choose whether to create your captions, upload a file that has them, transcribe your video, use automatic captioning, or use captioning software.
Create Subtitles or Closed Captions will allow you to create your subtitles on YouTube.
Upload A File allows you to upload a pre-made subtitle file from your computer. Supported file types include SubRip (.srt) and SubViewer (.sbv). You cannot use a word or PDF document for your subtitles.
Transcribe and Set Timings is where you can type a transcript of your video and set timings to sync it to your video. This differs from Create Subtitles or Closed Captions in that your transcript is all typed in to one text field.
Use Automatic Captioning will automatically use speech recognition technology to create captions. You can edit these auto-generated captions later if there are mistakes.
Use Captioning Software or Services is what you choose if you want to use a program or service to create the subtitles for your video.
The easiest way to add subtitles to your videos is to use Automatic Captioning. However, Automatic Captioning is imperfect and may result in your viewers getting a sloppy, skewed, interpretation of your video. Automatic captions are also not indexed by YouTube and Google the way subtitles you create or upload are. This means that they will not have any value to your SEO strategy. If you do not input your own captions or transcript you are missing out on an opportunity for better search engine rankings. Automatic Captions are great if you do not have time to input subtitles and need a temporary solution, though.
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Digital Makeup: Mastering Youtube’s Chromatic Alignment
Video Color Correction for YouTube Beauty
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
As a YouTube video creator, especially a YouTube beauty, you must know how important video color correction is. In case you want to make your YouTube video look more vibrant or pop out the colors of your video, knowing the basics of video color correction will certainly help you. In this article, we are going to show you how to correct your YouTube videos with 3 different video editing software.
You may also like: Color Correction vs Color Grading >>
Video Color Correction for YouTube Beauty
1. By using Wondershare Filmora
There are multiple professional color correction/grading software options for you to choose like Red Giant Colorista, but, to be honest, they are very difficult to get along with. Wondershare Filmora is an easy to use video editing software available both on Win and Mac which can help you make your video cinematic within a few clicks.
Download Mac Version ](https://tools.techidaily.com/wondershare/filmora/download/ )
Color correction with Wondershare Filmora
Wondershare Filmora can be used to adjust the color of your video. To do this, select your target video and drag it to the timeline. You will see a video editing window and four parameters i.e. Saturation, brightness, contrast, and hue.
Brightness settings can be used to adjust the overall look of your video. In case your video seems to be too dark or bright, you can take the cursor to the slider and adjust the color manually.
Saturation helps you control how much you want the color of your video pop out. The color can be faded or enhanced through this setting.
Contrast settings help to adjust the difference in color and brightness in different parts of the video.
Color grading with Wondershare Filmora
Hit the button Advanced at the lower corner, then a powerful color grading window will pop up, and you can explore your options.
In this tool, you can adjust the white balance, temperature, tint, and more.
2. By Using Adobe Premiere Pro CC
Adobe Speed Grade is a software intelligently designed to fix all the color issues of your video and helps you make your videos look more stylish. Using it, you can make your video cooler or warmer by adjusting the RGB. It has a temperature slider as well which helps you adjust the overall color of video. The adjustments of highlights, shadows and midtones can also be done for accurate representation of colors in your video. Various trackball and slider controls are available in this software which gives you a large variety of options to experiment with colors of your digital video. Using this software, you can even add different film stock effects which give a traditional film appearance to your video. What else do you need? This software has a lot in store to fit your demands. Go for it!
3. By Using Final Cut Pro
Final Cut Pro lets you adjust your video color with the help of a tool called the Color Board. There are a lot of tools available in The Color section for adjusting the color of your video clip. The first option is of “Balance” which lets you alter the brightness of video. You can also try the option of “Match Color” which lets you match one video clip’s color settings with another. You can be as creative as you want to be by adjusting the brightness, saturation and RGB values of your video with this software. It will not disappoint with the outstanding output.
You may also like: Color grading and correction in Final Cut Pro >>
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
As a YouTube video creator, especially a YouTube beauty, you must know how important video color correction is. In case you want to make your YouTube video look more vibrant or pop out the colors of your video, knowing the basics of video color correction will certainly help you. In this article, we are going to show you how to correct your YouTube videos with 3 different video editing software.
You may also like: Color Correction vs Color Grading >>
Video Color Correction for YouTube Beauty
1. By using Wondershare Filmora
There are multiple professional color correction/grading software options for you to choose like Red Giant Colorista, but, to be honest, they are very difficult to get along with. Wondershare Filmora is an easy to use video editing software available both on Win and Mac which can help you make your video cinematic within a few clicks.
Download Mac Version ](https://tools.techidaily.com/wondershare/filmora/download/ )
Color correction with Wondershare Filmora
Wondershare Filmora can be used to adjust the color of your video. To do this, select your target video and drag it to the timeline. You will see a video editing window and four parameters i.e. Saturation, brightness, contrast, and hue.
Brightness settings can be used to adjust the overall look of your video. In case your video seems to be too dark or bright, you can take the cursor to the slider and adjust the color manually.
Saturation helps you control how much you want the color of your video pop out. The color can be faded or enhanced through this setting.
Contrast settings help to adjust the difference in color and brightness in different parts of the video.
Color grading with Wondershare Filmora
Hit the button Advanced at the lower corner, then a powerful color grading window will pop up, and you can explore your options.
In this tool, you can adjust the white balance, temperature, tint, and more.
2. By Using Adobe Premiere Pro CC
Adobe Speed Grade is a software intelligently designed to fix all the color issues of your video and helps you make your videos look more stylish. Using it, you can make your video cooler or warmer by adjusting the RGB. It has a temperature slider as well which helps you adjust the overall color of video. The adjustments of highlights, shadows and midtones can also be done for accurate representation of colors in your video. Various trackball and slider controls are available in this software which gives you a large variety of options to experiment with colors of your digital video. Using this software, you can even add different film stock effects which give a traditional film appearance to your video. What else do you need? This software has a lot in store to fit your demands. Go for it!
3. By Using Final Cut Pro
Final Cut Pro lets you adjust your video color with the help of a tool called the Color Board. There are a lot of tools available in The Color section for adjusting the color of your video clip. The first option is of “Balance” which lets you alter the brightness of video. You can also try the option of “Match Color” which lets you match one video clip’s color settings with another. You can be as creative as you want to be by adjusting the brightness, saturation and RGB values of your video with this software. It will not disappoint with the outstanding output.
You may also like: Color grading and correction in Final Cut Pro >>
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
As a YouTube video creator, especially a YouTube beauty, you must know how important video color correction is. In case you want to make your YouTube video look more vibrant or pop out the colors of your video, knowing the basics of video color correction will certainly help you. In this article, we are going to show you how to correct your YouTube videos with 3 different video editing software.
You may also like: Color Correction vs Color Grading >>
Video Color Correction for YouTube Beauty
1. By using Wondershare Filmora
There are multiple professional color correction/grading software options for you to choose like Red Giant Colorista, but, to be honest, they are very difficult to get along with. Wondershare Filmora is an easy to use video editing software available both on Win and Mac which can help you make your video cinematic within a few clicks.
Download Mac Version ](https://tools.techidaily.com/wondershare/filmora/download/ )
Color correction with Wondershare Filmora
Wondershare Filmora can be used to adjust the color of your video. To do this, select your target video and drag it to the timeline. You will see a video editing window and four parameters i.e. Saturation, brightness, contrast, and hue.
Brightness settings can be used to adjust the overall look of your video. In case your video seems to be too dark or bright, you can take the cursor to the slider and adjust the color manually.
Saturation helps you control how much you want the color of your video pop out. The color can be faded or enhanced through this setting.
Contrast settings help to adjust the difference in color and brightness in different parts of the video.
Color grading with Wondershare Filmora
Hit the button Advanced at the lower corner, then a powerful color grading window will pop up, and you can explore your options.
In this tool, you can adjust the white balance, temperature, tint, and more.
2. By Using Adobe Premiere Pro CC
Adobe Speed Grade is a software intelligently designed to fix all the color issues of your video and helps you make your videos look more stylish. Using it, you can make your video cooler or warmer by adjusting the RGB. It has a temperature slider as well which helps you adjust the overall color of video. The adjustments of highlights, shadows and midtones can also be done for accurate representation of colors in your video. Various trackball and slider controls are available in this software which gives you a large variety of options to experiment with colors of your digital video. Using this software, you can even add different film stock effects which give a traditional film appearance to your video. What else do you need? This software has a lot in store to fit your demands. Go for it!
3. By Using Final Cut Pro
Final Cut Pro lets you adjust your video color with the help of a tool called the Color Board. There are a lot of tools available in The Color section for adjusting the color of your video clip. The first option is of “Balance” which lets you alter the brightness of video. You can also try the option of “Match Color” which lets you match one video clip’s color settings with another. You can be as creative as you want to be by adjusting the brightness, saturation and RGB values of your video with this software. It will not disappoint with the outstanding output.
You may also like: Color grading and correction in Final Cut Pro >>
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett
Mar 27, 2024• Proven solutions
As a YouTube video creator, especially a YouTube beauty, you must know how important video color correction is. In case you want to make your YouTube video look more vibrant or pop out the colors of your video, knowing the basics of video color correction will certainly help you. In this article, we are going to show you how to correct your YouTube videos with 3 different video editing software.
You may also like: Color Correction vs Color Grading >>
Video Color Correction for YouTube Beauty
1. By using Wondershare Filmora
There are multiple professional color correction/grading software options for you to choose like Red Giant Colorista, but, to be honest, they are very difficult to get along with. Wondershare Filmora is an easy to use video editing software available both on Win and Mac which can help you make your video cinematic within a few clicks.
Download Mac Version ](https://tools.techidaily.com/wondershare/filmora/download/ )
Color correction with Wondershare Filmora
Wondershare Filmora can be used to adjust the color of your video. To do this, select your target video and drag it to the timeline. You will see a video editing window and four parameters i.e. Saturation, brightness, contrast, and hue.
Brightness settings can be used to adjust the overall look of your video. In case your video seems to be too dark or bright, you can take the cursor to the slider and adjust the color manually.
Saturation helps you control how much you want the color of your video pop out. The color can be faded or enhanced through this setting.
Contrast settings help to adjust the difference in color and brightness in different parts of the video.
Color grading with Wondershare Filmora
Hit the button Advanced at the lower corner, then a powerful color grading window will pop up, and you can explore your options.
In this tool, you can adjust the white balance, temperature, tint, and more.
2. By Using Adobe Premiere Pro CC
Adobe Speed Grade is a software intelligently designed to fix all the color issues of your video and helps you make your videos look more stylish. Using it, you can make your video cooler or warmer by adjusting the RGB. It has a temperature slider as well which helps you adjust the overall color of video. The adjustments of highlights, shadows and midtones can also be done for accurate representation of colors in your video. Various trackball and slider controls are available in this software which gives you a large variety of options to experiment with colors of your digital video. Using this software, you can even add different film stock effects which give a traditional film appearance to your video. What else do you need? This software has a lot in store to fit your demands. Go for it!
3. By Using Final Cut Pro
Final Cut Pro lets you adjust your video color with the help of a tool called the Color Board. There are a lot of tools available in The Color section for adjusting the color of your video clip. The first option is of “Balance” which lets you alter the brightness of video. You can also try the option of “Match Color” which lets you match one video clip’s color settings with another. You can be as creative as you want to be by adjusting the brightness, saturation and RGB values of your video with this software. It will not disappoint with the outstanding output.
You may also like: Color grading and correction in Final Cut Pro >>
Richard Bennett
Richard Bennett is a writer and a lover of all things video.
Follow @Richard Bennett
Also read:
- [New] Exploring the Neuroscience of Decision-Making and Its Implications for Leadership
- [New] Harnessing Viral Power Your Pathway to YouTube Fame
- [New] Hiding YouTube Playback Tips for iOS and Android
- [New] In the Ring of Creatives Evaluating Own and Adversary Arts
- [New] Scaling Your Income with Beauty Tutorials
- [New] Streamlining Your Overwatch Sessions Recording for 2024
- [Updated] The Virtual Evolution Dichotomy Metaverse & Omniverse Compared for 2024
- 2024 Approved Compreran a Deep Dive Into the Logitech 4K Pro Webcam
- 2024 Approved Maximize Visibility Resizing Your YouTube Images Effectively
- 2024 Approved Unlock Creative Potential with No-Cost Green Screen Knowledge From Top 4 Educational Channels
- 2024 Approved Unveiling YouTube Pros TubeBuddy's Edge
- How to recover deleted photos from Android Gallery without backup on Xiaomi Civi 3
- HP P10aster, P8045, P9065 Driver Download: Compatible with Various Models
- In 2024, Unlocking YouTube Success Elite Video Tagging Secrets
- InstaGrabs Top 15 Video/Photo Downloading Tools for 2024
- New In 2024, Best AVI Video Editor for Windows 8 Latest 2023 Features
- Realme C51 Messages Recovery - Recover Deleted Messages from Realme C51
- Troubleshooting Voice Chat Glitches on PC: Solutions to Restore 'Sea of Thieves' Audio
- Why Your Realme 12 5G Screen Might be Unresponsive and How to Fix It | Dr.fone
- Title: 2024 Approved How to Seamlessly Integrate Captions Into YouTube Videos
- Author: Thomas
- Created at : 2024-10-05 21:26:49
- Updated at : 2024-10-12 17:59:43
- Link: https://youtube-help.techidaily.com/2024-approved-how-to-seamlessly-integrate-captions-into-youtube-videos/
- License: This work is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0.